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India Stack Explained India Stack is a set of digital public infrastructure that has been built in India over the last 15 years. It is designed to be interoperable and accessible to everyone, regardless of their income or location. India Stack is made up of five building blocks: Aadhaar, eSign, DigiLocker, UPI, and Account Aggregators. Aadhaar is a unique identification number issued to all Indian citizens. It can be used to verify a person's identity and address. eSign is an electronic signature that can be used to sign documents digitally. It is legally valid in India. DigiLocker is a cloud-based storage service that allows people to store their digital documents securely. UPI is a real-time payment system that allows people to transfer money between bank accounts instantly. Account Aggregators are third-party platforms that allow people to share their financial data with other organizations securely. India Stack is a powerful tool that can be used to improve the lives of mill

India leverages Layered Innovation India has been leveraging layered innovation to achieve its economic and social goals. Layered innovation is a process of building on existing technologies and innovations to create new and improved products and services. It is a cost-effective and efficient way to innovate, and it has helped India to leapfrog traditional development models. One example of layered innovation in India is the development of the Aadhaar biometric identification system. Aadhaar is built on the foundation of existing technologies, such as fingerprint scanning and iris recognition. However, it adds new layers of innovation, such as a centralized database and a robust authentication system. This has made Aadhaar one of the most secure and reliable biometric identification systems in the world. Another example of layered innovation in India is the development of the UPI payment system. UPI is built on the foundation of existing payment technologies, such as the IMPS real-tim

India leads with its Digital Stack India Leads with its Stack is a term used to describe India's ambitious plan to create a national digital infrastructure that will enable financial inclusion and social empowerment for its citizens. The stack consists of four building blocks: Aadhaar : Aadhaar is a biometric identification system that provides a unique ID to every Indian citizen. This ID can be used to verify a person's identity for a variety of purposes, such as opening a bank account, applying for a loan, or voting in an election. UPI : UPI is a real-time payment system that allows users to transfer money between bank accounts instantly. UPI has made it possible for people to make payments without cash or cards, which has helped to reduce fraud and improve financial inclusion. eKYC : eKYC is a process that allows businesses to verify a person's identity electronically. This can be done using Aadhaar or other government-approved ID documents. eKYC has made it easier for b

India Stack: 6. Open Networks India Stack is a set of digital infrastructure that aims to create a level playing field for innovation and creativity in the digital economy. One of the key principles of India Stack is the use of open networks. An open network is a shared infrastructure that allows different participants in a digital ecosystem to connect and interact with each other. This can be done by using common standards and protocols. Open networks have several benefits, including: They can reduce the cost and complexity of building and maintaining digital products and services. They can promote innovation by making it easier for new entrants to participate in the digital economy. They can help to protect user privacy and security by ensuring that data is shared in a controlled and transparent manner. One example of an open network in India Stack is the Open Credit Enablement Network (OCEN). OCEN is a platform that allows lenders, borrowers, and credit distributors to connect and e

5. India Stack : The Data Layer  The third and final piece ( after Identity and payment ) of the India Stack puzzle focuses on establishing a new model for data governance in India. Enshrined in a policy framework known as the Data Empowerment and Protection Architecture (DEPA), the ‘data’ layer of India Stack aims to restore the ownership and control over user data to its rightful owners. DEPA, or the Data Empowerment and Protection Architecture, is a new framework for data governance in India. It aims to give Indian citizens more control over their personal data, and to make it easier for them to share their data with third parties. The three pillars of DEPA DEPA is based on three main pillars: A Personal Data Protection Bill, which will give Indian citizens a number of rights over their data, such as the right to access, correct, and delete their data. An electronic consent artefact, which will be used to capture user consent to share their data with third parties. A new category of

4. India Stack: Payment Layer UPI, or Unified Payments Interface, is a real-time mobile payments system in India. It was launched in 2016 by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI). UPI allows users to send and receive money from anyone else who has a UPI ID, even if they are not using the same app. UPI is designed to be interoperable, which means that it can be used with any bank account in India. This makes it very convenient for users, as they do not need to create a separate account or wallet to use UPI. UPI payments are also very secure. They use two-factor authentication, which means that users need to enter their UPI PIN in addition to their bank account details. UPI payments have become very popular in India. They are now the most popular way to send and receive money in the country. In addition to UPI, the NPCI has also launched a number of other innovative payment products, such as UPI Autopay and e-RUPI. UPI Autopay allows users to set up recurring payments for thi

2.1 eSign eSign is a digital signature service that allows you to sign documents electronically using your Aadhaar number. This means that you can sign documents without having to print them out and sign them with a pen. To use eSign, you need to have an Aadhaar number and a mobile phone number that is linked to your Aadhaar number. eSign is a secure and convenient way to sign documents electronically. It is also a legally valid way to sign documents, so you can be sure that your signatures will be accepted by government agencies and businesses. Here are some of the benefits of using eSign: Secure: Your signatures are stored in a secure digital format. Convenient: You can sign documents from anywhere, anytime. Legally valid: Your signatures are legally valid. If you are looking for a secure and convenient way to sign documents electronically, then eSign is a great option. In order to gain access to certified eSign in their workflows, application developers must enrol as eSign Applicati

3. India Stack: Digilocker  DigiLocker is a government-operated service that allows Indian citizens to store their important documents in a secure digital locker. This means that you can store your documents online, and you can access them from anywhere, anytime. To use DigiLocker, you need to have an Aadhaar number. Once you have an Aadhaar number, you can sign up for DigiLocker using your mobile number. You will then be able to upload your documents to the DigiLocker platform. DigiLocker supports a wide variety of documents, including: Driving licences Educational diplomas Insurance policies Medical records Passports Voter ID cards Once you have uploaded your documents to DigiLocker, they will be stored in a secure digital format. You can then access your documents from anywhere, anytime, using the DigiLocker mobile app or web app. DigiLocker is a great way to store your important documents in a secure digital format. It is also a convenient way to access your documents, as you can d

Concept of " Person as an API" What is the concept? The concept of "person as an API" treats a person as a collection of data that can be accessed and manipulated through a set of well-defined interfaces. This model has been used to explore a variety of applications, such as personalized search, social networking, and health care. How can the concept be used as an instrument? The concept of "person as an API" can be used as an instrument to: Personalize experiences: By treating people as data, we can create more personalized and relevant experiences that can improve our lives in many ways. For example, a personalized search engine could use a person's search history and interests to generate results that are more relevant to the user. Improve interoperability: The person as an API model can make it easier for different applications to share information about a person. This could lead to better coordination of care in the health care industry, or more t

Concept of Serverless What is the concept? Serverless computing is a cloud computing model where the cloud provider takes care of all the infrastructure management, including provisioning, scaling, and managing servers. Developers can focus on writing code and deploying applications without having to worry about the underlying infrastructure. How can the concept be used as an instrument? Serverless computing can be used as an instrument to build and run applications that are highly scalable, reliable, and cost-effective. It is a good fit for applications that are event-driven or that have unpredictable traffic patterns. How can the concept create a bundle of opportunities? Serverless computing can create a bundle of opportunities for businesses, including: Reduced infrastructure costs: With serverless computing, businesses only pay for the resources they use, which can lead to significant cost savings. Increased agility: Serverless computing makes it easy to deploy new applications and